Gallery 3: Paradisus Iudaeorum, 1565-1648
Explore the Shulḥan arukh, a concise code of Jewish law related to the ShabbatShabbat(Yiddish: shabes) – day of rest, from sunset Friday until shortly after sunset Saturday, during which work is prohibited., holidays, kashrutKashrutlaws of ritual purity relating to food, which prohibit eating certain animals and the mixing of milk and meat, and that prescribe how meat is to be slaughtered and prepared. These laws are based on the biblical book of Leviticus. Food that is fit to eat, according to these laws, is kosher., and many aspects of daily life. The original text, by Joseph Caro, reflected SephardiSephardimdescendants of Jews who lived on the Iberian Peninsula. Following expulsion from Spain and Portugal during the 15th century, Sephardim settled in Western Europe and the Ottoman Empire, including the Balkans and North Africa. Some still speak Ladino and many observe their own customs, which contrast with some of those of Ashkenazim. custom. The notes by the Remu, as RabbiRabbireligious leader of a Jewish congregation who is qualified to resolve issues on the basis of Halakhah. A rabbi heads the Jewish court (Hebrew: bet din, Yiddish: bezdin), teaches Torah, performs marriages, and certifies that foods conform to the requirements of kashrut. Moses Isserles was known, reflected the AshkenaziAshkenazimdescendants of Jews who, from the Middle Ages, resided initially in German lands, and later also in the whole of Central and Eastern Europe. Today they also live in Israel and in many other countries. Some still speak Yiddish. They have their own customs, which differ somewhat from those of Sephardim. customs of Polish Jews. The Remu called his notes a mapa, tablecloth, for Caro’s Shulḥan arukh, which means “set table” in HebrewHebrewboth the Jewish sacred language of prayer and study (Yiddish: loshn-koydesh) and modern Hebrew (Hebrew: ivrit), which developed in the 19th century and became the official language of the State of Israel.. This book, with the Remu’s notes, was first printed in Kraków in 1578–1580 and continues to guide Jewish religious life to this day.